Control Statements

In Java, control statements are used to control the flow of a program. They allow you to make decisions, repeat actions, and perform various operations based on certain conditions. There are three main categories of control statements in Java:

1. Selection Statements: These are used for making decisions in your code.

   • if statement

   • if-else statement

   • switch statement

2. Iteration Statements: These are used for repeating a set of statements.

   • for loop

   • while loop

   • do-while loop

3. Jump Statements: These are used for transferring control within your code.

   • break statement

   • continue statement

   • return statement

Selection Statements

if statement

The if statement allows you to execute a block of code if a given condition is true.

int age = 20;
if (age >= 18) {
    System.out.println("You are an adult.");
}

if-else statement

The if-else statement allows you to execute one block of code if a condition is true and another block if the condition is false.

int number = 7;
if (number % 2 == 0) {
    System.out.println("The number is even.");
} else {
    System.out.println("The number is odd.");
}

switch statement

The switch statement allows you to select one of many code blocks to be executed.

int day = 2;
switch (day) {
    case 1:
        System.out.println("Monday");
        break;
    case 2:
        System.out.println("Tuesday");
        break;
    // ... (cases for other days)
    default:
        System.out.println("Invalid day");
}

Iteration Statements

for loop

The for loop is used to iterate a specific number of times.

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    System.out.println("Count: " + i);
}

while loop

The while loop is used when you don't know in advance how many times the loop will run.

int count = 0;
while (count < 5) {
    System.out.println("Count: " + count);
    count++;
}

do-while loop

The do-while loop is similar to the while loop but guarantees that the loop block is executed at least once.

int x = 1;
do {
    System.out.println("Value of x: " + x);
    x++;
} while (x <= 3);

Jump Statements

break statement

The break statement is used to exit a loop or switch statement.

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    if (i == 5) {
        break; // Exit the loop when i is 5
    }
    System.out.println("Value of i: " + i);
}

continue statement

The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration of a loop and continue with the next iteration.

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    if (i == 3) {
        continue; // Skip iteration when i is 3
    }
    System.out.println("Value of i: " + i);
}

return statement

The return statement is used to exit a method and return a value to the caller.

public int add(int a, int b) {
    int sum = a + b;
    return sum;
}

These control statements are fundamental in Java programming and are essential for controlling the flow of your code and making your programs more flexible and responsive to different conditions.